APSC Prelims and Mains Notes, APSC Test Series
Neutrino Ans: Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles which make up the universe and second most abundant particle in the universe after photon. Neutrinos are similar to electron with one crucial difference that they don not carry electric charge. Indian -based Neutrino observatory Ans: It is being set up in Bodhi west Hill, … Read more
Cell structure and its functions Cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic and consists of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Structure of cell The cell is a basic unit for life forms. As well as enabling sophisticated control of biochemical processes by providing compartments … Read more
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems contact the treated secondary wastewater with UV light bulbs that are encased in clear housings. The UV light kills pathogenic organisms by using a germicidal photochemical wavelength. Unlike chlorination, UV leaves no residual in the wastewater with which to be concerned. Plants that use UV must either have dual UV systems … Read more
Yamanaka genes are group of four essential genes in our body that are responsible for regenerating old cells or growing new cells.They are also know as OSKM(Oct4,Sox2,Klf4 &Myc) & are named after Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka. Significance of Yamanaka Genes: Major significance is that the introduction of these genes can convert adult cells into pluripotent stem … Read more
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes. … Read more
Goal-line technology is a technical means of instantly determining whether the whole of the ball has crossed the goal line. Camera-based: Several approved systems work with cameras that detect the ball and use software to evaluate the footage from all the cameras. In this way, the system can determine whether the whole of the ball … Read more
Adaptive immunity develops when innate immunity is ineffective in eliminating infectious agents and the infection is established. The primary functions of the adaptive immune response are the recognition of specific “non-self” antigens in the presence of “self” antigens; the generation of pathogen-specific immunologic effector pathways that eliminate specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells; and the development … Read more
The basis of ABO grouping is of two antigens- Antigen A and Antigen B. The ABO grouping system is classified into four types based on the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells surface and plasma antibodies. Group A – contains antigen A and antibody B. Group B –contains antigen B and antibody A. Group … Read more
Quick Revision Topic: pH scale and its day to day application Definition: pH scale is the scale developed to measure the concentration of Hydrogen ion in a solution. Here ‘p’ in pH implies ‘potenz’ in german. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. for Acidic solution pH is less than 7 and … Read more
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is the study of molecules by recording the interaction of radiofrequency (Rf) electromagnetic radiations with the nuclei of molecules placed in a strong magnetic field. The technique is used in quality control and research for determining the content and purity of a sample as well as its molecular structure. The … Read more