DMPQ- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

May 19, 2020October 14, 2024 by rawan239

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is the study of molecules by recording the interaction of radiofrequency (Rf) electromagnetic radiations with the nuclei of molecules placed in a strong magnetic field.
The technique is used in quality control and
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research for determining the content and purity of a sample as well as its molecular structure.

The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups.

Common Applications of NMR are:

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows for non-destructive screening and quantification of both known ingredients and unanticipated contaminants and adulterants. Both targeted and untargeted

NMR methodologies are widely recognized as important tools for food authentication and the detection of counterfeit products.

Determination of the structure of organic molecules in solution and study molecular physics
Used in advanced medical imaging techniques, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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This video dives into the world of ribosomes, the protein factories of our cells. We'll break down the key components of ribosomes and explore the role they play in protein synthesis.
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Â Ribosomes contain DNA RNA Protein Â Select t

Kargil Vijay Diwas: A Day of Victory and Remembrance ????????
This video dives into the significance of Kargil Vijay Diwas, celebrated annually in India on July 26th. Learn about the historical context of the Kargil War, the bravery of our soldiers, and the ultimate victory achieved. We'll explore the importance of commemorating this day and remembering the sacrifices made for our nation's security.
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SC Judges to Publicly Declare Assets:
Prompted by the discovery of large sums of cash at a Delhi High Court judge's residence, the Supreme Court has decided its judges will publicly declare their assets. The disclosures will be made to the CJI and then published on the court's website.

No Legal Mandate:
Currently, there is no law requiring judges to publicly disclose their assets.

Past SC Resolutions:
A 1997 resolution mandated declaration to the CJI only, not the public. A 2009 decision allowed voluntary disclosure on the SC website.

RTI Applicability:
A 2019 ruling stated judges' assets are not "personal information," potentially making them accessible under the RTI Act.

Low HC Compliance:
As of March 2025, only 13% of High Court judges (97 out of 770) have publicly declared assets.

HC Resistance:
Several High Courts (Allahabad, Rajasthan, Bombay, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand) have strongly opposed public disclosure and RTI requests.

Comparison to Other Public Servants:
Civil servants (under AIS Conduct Rules) and political candidates must declare assets. MPs/MLAs and Union Ministers also have asset declaration requirements. This difference in treatment has raised questions of equality and accountability.

The public disclosure of judges' assets aims to increase transparency and accountability within the judiciary, aligning it with standards expected of other public servants.

Public Disclosure of Judges Assets

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What are Yakshagana Bhutaradhane and Nagaradhane

Russian Nuclear Submarine "Perm" Launched:
Equipped with hypersonic Zircon missiles as standard, marking a significant advancement for the Russian navy.

Putin's "Milestone" Assessment:
The launch of the Perm is considered a crucial event for strengthening Russia's naval capabilities.

Hypersonic Missile Definition:
These weapons travel at Mach 5 or higher (≥ 6,174 km/h), characterized by speed, maneuverability, and rapid strike potential.

Maneuverability Advantage:
Trajectory can be altered mid-flight, evading missile shields and early warning systems more effectively than ballistic missiles.

Detection Challenges:
Ground-based radars have difficulty detecting them early, complicating interception efforts.

Strategic Applications:
Hypersonic weapons offer responsive, long-range strike options against defended or time-critical targets.

Kinetic Energy Destruction:
Conventional versions utilize kinetic energy to destroy targets, including hardened facilities.

Two Main Types:
Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGVs) and Hypersonic Cruise Missiles (HCMs) employ different propulsion methods. HGVs glide after rocket launch; HCMs use scramjets.

Zircon Missile Capabilities:
Russia claims it reaches Mach 8, has a range of 625 miles, and can carry a 660-pound warhead, making it exceptionally difficult to defend against.

HYPERSONIC MISSILES

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75th Anniversary:
India and China marked 75 years of diplomatic relations on April 1, 2025, established on April 1, 1950.

Xi's Message:
Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized closer cooperation between Beijing and New Delhi and described the relationship as a "Dragon-Elephant Tango," promoting coexistence and shared growth over rivalry.

Historical Evolution:
Ties evolved from ancient trade routes (Silk Road, Buddhism) and the "Hindi-Chini Bhai-Bhai" era to a post-1962 diplomatic freeze.

Normalization:
Ties were normalized during 1980s-2000s. Agreements in 1993 and 1996 aimed at peace and military confidence-building measures.

Economic Ties:
Robust economic relations exist, with bilateral trade reaching USD 118.4 billion in 2023-24. Chinese investments in Indian unicorns exceed USD 3.5 billion.

Cultural Exchange:
Cultural ties are fostered via academic exchanges and events (e.g., Tagore centenary seminar).

Multilateral Cooperation:
Collaboration occurs in BRICS, SCO, G-20, and initiatives like the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

Border Disputes:
The undefined 3,488 km LAC is a major issue, causing frequent clashes (Doklam, Galwan).

Strategic Concerns:
India has strategic concerns about China's BRI and CPEC through PoK.

India-China: 75 Years

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MHA Meeting with Gorkha Representatives:
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) held a meeting in New Delhi with Gorkha leaders to address their long-standing concerns. The meeting was chaired by Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, Shri Nityanand Rai.

Demand for Gorkhaland Statehood:
A central issue is the demand for a separate state of Gorkhaland, encompassing Darjeeling, Terai, and Dooars, aimed at political recognition, cultural autonomy, and administrative empowerment.

Scheduled Tribe (ST) Status:
Several Gorkha communities are seeking ST status for social justice, educational opportunities, and affirmative action benefits, though progress has been slow.

Agnipath Scheme Concerns:
The Agnipath scheme raises fears of job insecurity among Nepali Gorkhas due to its short service duration and limited pension benefits, potentially violating the 1947 tripartite agreement.

Geopolitical Tensions:
Reports suggest China's interest in recruiting Gorkhas, adding a geopolitical dimension to the situation, with diplomatic resolutions pending.

Government Assurance:
The Minister of State for Home Affairs assured the Gorkha delegation that the Central Government, under Prime Minister Modi, prioritizes the development and security of the region and will address their issues within the constitutional framework, in coordination with the Government of West Bengal. The Central Government is working with utmost sensitivity to resolve the issues related to Darjeeling, Terai and Dooars.

Gorkha Concerns

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