APSC Prelims and Mains Notes, APSC Test Series
SOCIAL AUDIT “Social auditing is defined as a systematic attempt to identify, analyse, measure (if possible), evaluate, and monitor the effect of an organisation’s operations on society (that is, specific social groups) and on the public well-being.” Social audit as a term was used as far back as the 1950s. … Read more
MARKETING MIX Marketing involves a number of activities. To begin with, an organisation may decide on its target group of customers to be served. Once the target group is decided, the product is to be placed in the market by providing the appropriate product, price, distribution and promotional efforts. These are … Read more
BEHAVIOR – LEARNING AND MOTIVATION Styles of learning, Models of memory, Causes of forgetting. Style of Learning Learning styles are the different ways people interpret, organize and represent information. For example, some people learn best by having information presented to them in audio form, such … Read more
PDCA Cycle Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) is a well-known and respected approach to helping teams plan and implement a solution to a problem, often testing it on a micro scale and reviewing the results before agreeing how to proceed. PDCA encourages an engaged, problem-solving workforce – the method is not limited to … Read more
BEHAVIOR MEETING LIFE CHALLENGES : STRESS Stress: – The pattern of responses an organism makes to stimulus event that disturbs the equilibrium and exceeds a person’s ability to cope. NATURE OF STRESS Stress is not a factor that resides in the individual or the environment, instead it is embedded … Read more
BEHAVIOR- PERSONALITY THEORIES What is Personality :- It is a stable set of internal characteristics and tendencies that determines the psychological behavior of people. It is particular pattern of behaviour and thinking that prevail across time and contexts and differentiates one person from other. In simple terms “Personality … Read more
PERFORMANCE AUDIT Meaning An independent examination of the efficiency and effectiveness of government undertakings, programs or organisations, with due regard to economy, and the aim of leading to improvements”. Performance audit is simply an audit of sound financial management, namely of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness with which audited … Read more
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT – ORGANIZING Organizing is the process of identification and grouping of activities, assigning duties and delegating authority to the managers, allocating necessary resources and establishing coordination among individuals and department of an organization with a view to attain its objectives. PROCESS OF ORGANIZING : The process of … Read more
WORKING CAPITAL Meaning of Working Capital Every business needs funds for two purposes for its establishment and to carry out its day-to-day operations. Capital required for a business can be classified under two main categories viz. (i) Fixed capital (ii) Working capital. Long-term funds are required to create production facilities through … Read more
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT – STAFFING Staffing refers to the managerial function of employing and developing human resources for carrying out the various managerial and non-managerial activities in an organisation. This involves determining the manpower requirement, and the methods of recruiting, selecting, training and developing the people for various positions created in … Read more