Safety Valve theory: The INC was started under the official direction, guidance and advice of Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy, to provide a safe, mild, peaceful and constitutional outlet or safety valve for the rising discontent among the masses, which was inevitably leading towards a popular and violent revolution.
The safety valve theory is inadequate and misleading. INC represented the urge of the Indian educated class to set up a national organization to work for their political and economic development A number of organizations, had already
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