The climate of Assam is typically ‘tropical monsoon rainfall’ type, with high levels of humidity and heavy rainfall.
Summers
The summer season in Assam starts from the month of March and extends till the end of June. Extreme humidity and frequent showers characterize the season. The average temperature during this time of the year is between 35 and 38 degree Celsius. In fact, the mercury level never rises more than 38 degrees, even in the hottest month of the year. Therefore, light cotton clothes are the best option during summers.
Rainy Season
This season brings relief from the scorching heat of the summers. The neighboring areas of Cherapunji and Mawsynram have the highest rainfall in the world. The average annual rainfall in the state is around 70 inches in the west and around 120 inches in the east. In the afternoons, thunderstorms known as Bordoicila are very common.
Winters
The winter season in Assam is basically characterized by scanty rainfall and misty mornings and afternoons. It starts in November and continues till the month of February. The mercury reading at this time of the year is around 6 to 8 degree Celsius or 43- 46 degree Fahrenheit. This is the best time to visit the northeastern state of Assam.
Spring & Autumn
In Assam, spring (March- April) and autumn (September- October) present pleasant seasons, with moderate temperature and rainfall. These are amongst the popular months for tourist rush. As it is neither too cold nor too hot, you don’t have to carry any special type of garment for these seasons. Therefore, if you are planning a trip to Assam, spring and autumn may be your choice.
Climatic affecting factors:
Below are the factors, which influence climate of Assam:
(1) Many of these hills and mountains are high enough (rendering the climate cool and bracing.
(2) Eastern Himalayas, Patkai and the high hills ranges along Manipur and Mizoram borders with Myanmar prevent the rain bearing monsoon winds from escaping from this region further; these ranges do not allow the dry and cold winds of central Asia to enter the North East region.
(3) The Meghalaya plateau, standing athwart the course of the southwest monsoon winds, makes them rise orographic wise, causing the heaviest rainfall in the world in its southern margin.
(4) The Himalayan and eastern hill ranges also cause orographic rise of the monsoon winds with consequent heavy rainfall in North East India.
(5) Another very important effect of the encircling hills and mountains on the climate of the region is that in summer while the plains become hot, the air over the hills and mountain remain relatively cool. Thus local low pressure systems are built up over the valleys. These low-pressure systems over the Brahmaputra and Barak valleys obviously modify the climate in this region.
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