Reasons for the growth of militant nationalism

Disillusionment of the nationalists with moderate policies

The moderates thought that the British could be reformed from within
Politically conscious Indians were convinced that the purpose of the British rule was to exploit India economically
The nationalists realized that Indian industries could not flourish except under an Indian government
Disastrous famines from 1896 to 1900 took a toll of over 90 lakh lives
The Indian Councils Act of 1892 was a disappointment
The Natu brothers were deported in 1897 without trial
In 1897 B G Tilak was sentenced to long term imprisonment for arousing the people against the government
In 1904, the Indian Official Secrets Act was passed restricting the freedom of the Press
Primary and technical education was not making any progress
Thus, increasing number of Indians were getting convinced that self-government was essential for the sake of economic, political and cultural progress of the country

Growth of Self-respect and self-confidence

Tilak, Aurobindo and Pal preached the message of self-respect
They said to the people that remedy to their condition lay in their own hand and they should therefore become strong
Swami Vivekananda’s messages

Growth of education and unemployment

International Influences

Rise of modern Japan after 1868
Defeat of the Italian army by the Ethiopians in 1896 and of Russia by Japan in 1905 exploded the myth of European superiority

Existence of a Militant Nationalist School of Thought

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